Difference between revisions of "Configure System Settings"

Latest revision as of 17:51, 31 May 2011

Installing Gentoo - Configure System Settings

Windows users will be familiar the registry, which stores system settings in a proprietary database spanned across two files named system.dat and user.dat. Both of these files are susceptible to corruption, tampering and security issues, and a Windows system cannot boot without them. Almost every setting in a Linux system is stored in a text-based configuration file stored somewhere within the filesystem. All of these files are accessible from a command prompt and can be modified using a simple text editor such as nano.

Using nano

Open files for writing using the command nano -w /path/to/file
Search for text using Ctrl-w (press Ctrl-w again to find next instance)
Delete an entire line of text using Ctrl-k
Save the file and exit nano using Ctrl-x

There are many options in Linux for setting the system clock. By setting the clock to local, it will read the time from the system BIOS. Set the timezone here as well.

# nano -w /etc/conf.d/hwclock

/etc/conf.d/hwclock

CLOCK="local"

To finish setting the system time zone, you can create a symbolic link to the file relating to your region stored in /usr/share/zoneinfo/. In this example I use the Canada Pacific (Vancouver) setting.

# unlink /etc/localtime
# ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Canada/Pacific /etc/localtime

For your system to be recognized by name by others on the network you'll need to set the hostname. Your system's hostname is stored in the file /etc/conf.d/hostname. Simply replace yourcomputersname with your computer's name.

# nano -w /etc/conf.d/hostname

/etc/conf.d/hostname

HOSTNAME="yourcomputersname"

The system domain is set in the file /etc/conf.d/net. Simply replace yourdomain with your domain.

# nano -w /etc/conf.d/net

/etc/conf.d/net

...
dns_domain_lo="yourdomain"
...

To complete the networking configuration we'll configure our /etc/hosts file. This is the same as the C:\Windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts file in Windows. You can also use this file to create aliases for other computers and devices on your network. In this example, we'll create an alias for another computer on the network called smack, located at 192.168.1.65, and a network printer called laserbeak located at 192.168.0.104.

# nano -w /etc/hosts

/etc/hosts

127.0.0.1	yourcomputersname.domain.com	yourcomptuersname	localhost
192.168.1.65    smack
192.168.0.104   laserbeak

root password

To complete the basic system settings, we'll set the root password. This will be the most important password in your Gentoo Linux system, and if you're fortunate you'll never have to use it: however, make a note of not forgetting it. You'll need to enter it twice to set it successfully.

# passwd

Now that your root password has been set, you can Configure make.conf.

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 Windows users will be familiar the registry, which stores system settings in a proprietary database spanned across two files named ''system.dat'' and ''user.dat''. Both of these files are susceptible to corruption, tampering and security issues, and a Windows system cannot boot without them. Almost every setting in a Linux system is stored in a text-based configuration file stored somewhere within the filesystem. All of these files are accessible from a command prompt and can be modified using a simple text editor such as [http://www.nano-editor.org/ nano].
-= Using nano =
+----
+'''Using nano'''
 * Open files for writing using the command '''nano -w /path/to/file'''
@@ Line 9: / Line 11: @@
 * Delete an entire line of text using '''Ctrl-k'''
 * Save the file and exit nano using '''Ctrl-x'''
+----
-# before setting up the new environment we need to copy over the network settings
-cp -L /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/gentoo/etc/
-# in order to compile the kernel in the new environment we need to mount the dev and proc systems
-mount -t proc none /mnt/gentoo/proc
-mount -o bind /dev /mnt/gentoo/dev
-# now, we enter the new environment.
-chroot /mnt/gentoo /bin/bash
-env-update && source /etc/profile
-# now we set the system time zone. in this example I use the Canada Pacific (Vancouver) setting.
-unlink /etc/localtime
-ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Canada/Pacific /etc/localtime
-nano -w /etc/conf.d/clock
-# make the following changes:
-CLOCK="local"
-TIMEZONE="America/Vancouver"
-# as usual, ctrl-x then y to exit nano. now, let's set our networking info.
-nano -w /etc/conf.d/hostname
-HOSTNAME="yourcomputersname"
-# we also need to configure the domain.
-nano -w /etc/hosts
-.0.0.1	yourcomputersname.domain.com	yourcomptuersname	localhost
-# exit nano. to start networking automatically at boot,
-rc-update add net.eth0 default
-# have numlock enabled at startup.
-rc-update add numlock default
-# now its time for some system configuration. first, we need to create our fstab.
-nano -w /etc/fstab
--------------------------------------------------------
-###########################
-#
-# gr0x0rd's fstab
-#
-###########################
-/dev/sda1		/boot		ext2		noauto,noatime,user	1 2
-/dev/sda3		/		ext3		noatime		0 1
-/dev/sda2		none		swap		sw		0 0
-/dev/cdrom		/mnt/cdrom	auto		noauto,user	0 0
-#/dev/fd0		/mnt/floppy	auto		noauto		0 0
-# glibc 2.2 and above expects tmpfs to be mounted at /dev/shm for
-# POSIX shared memory (shm_open, shm_unlink).
-# (tmpfs is a dynamically expandable/shrinkable ramdisk, and will
-#  use almost no memory if not populated with files)
-shm			/dev/shm	tmpfs		nodev,nosuid,noexec	0 0
--------------------------------------------------------
+There are many options in Linux for setting the system clock. By setting the clock to ''local'', it will read the time from the system BIOS. Set the timezone here as well.
+ '''#''' nano -w /etc/conf.d/hwclock
+===/etc/conf.d/hwclock===
+ CLOCK="local"
+To finish setting the system time zone, you can create a symbolic link to the file relating to your region stored in ''/usr/share/zoneinfo/''. In this example I use the Canada Pacific (Vancouver) setting.
+ '''#''' unlink /etc/localtime
+ '''#''' ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Canada/Pacific /etc/localtime
+For your system to be recognized by name by others on the network you'll need to set the hostname. Your system's hostname is stored in the file ''/etc/conf.d/hostname''. Simply replace ''yourcomputersname'' with your computer's name.
+ '''#''' nano -w /etc/conf.d/hostname
+===/etc/conf.d/hostname===
+ HOSTNAME="''yourcomputersname''"
+The system domain is set in the file ''/etc/conf.d/net''. Simply replace ''yourdomain'' with your domain.
+ '''#''' nano -w /etc/conf.d/net
+===/etc/conf.d/net===
+ ...
+ dns_domain_lo="''yourdomain''"
+ ...
+To complete the networking configuration we'll configure our ''/etc/hosts'' file. This is the same as the ''C:\Windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts'' file in Windows. You can also use this file to create aliases for other computers and devices on your network. In this example, we'll create an alias for another computer on the network called ''smack'', located at ''192.168.1.65'', and a network printer called ''laserbeak'' located at ''192.168.0.104''.
+ '''#''' nano -w /etc/hosts
-# now, lets set the root password.
+===/etc/hosts===
+.0.0.1	''yourcomputersname.domain.com''	''yourcomptuersname''	localhost
+.168.1.65    smack
+.168.0.104   laserbeak
-passwd
+===root password===
+To complete the basic system settings, we'll set the root password. This will be the most important password in your Gentoo Linux system, and if you're fortunate you'll never have to use it: however, make a note of not forgetting it. You'll need to enter it twice to set it successfully.
+ '''#''' passwd
+Now that your root password has been set, you can [[Configure make.conf]].